![]() This art reflects both the beliefs of the growing Christian communities and their adaptation of existing Roman artistic styles. and was created during a period of intermittent persecution. There were already Christians in the 1st century C.E., but art with Christian themes did not emerge until about 190 C.E. ![]() Constantine was the first Roman emperor to claim conversion to Christianity. In fact, the emperor and some members of the Roman elite became the Christian church’s chief supporters and patrons. This edict supported Christians in the Roman Empire, so that they no longer faced persecution. ![]() This allowed him to take control of the Western half of the Roman Empire.Ĭonstantine enacted many military, financial, administrative, and social reforms that strengthened the Western half, including the Edict of Milan in 313 C.E. Diocletian wisely decided to share power with his potential rivals by establishing a tetrarchy.Ĭonstantine, one of the junior tetrarchs, disrupted the tetrarchic system by invading Italy and defeating rival tetrarch Maxentius at the battle of the Milvian Bridge in 312 C.E. Rome once again regained a semblance of order under the leadership of Diocletian, who was declared emperor in 284 C.E. The reign of each emperor was usually brief. was an age of great social, economic, and military disarray in the Roman Empire. This leads to the possibility that the temple functioned as a large palace and assembly hall. Instead of a cells, there is a small theater or bouleuterion. Petra’s plan deviates from the traditional Generic Greek (Peripteral) Temple Plan. Inside the colonnades is a lower temenos, which leads to the forecourt and the pronaos. The temple is dedicated to the principal deity of Petra, Dushara, who is unique to Petra and paralleled with Zeus after Greek and Roman influence.Īs worshipers enter the complex, they are surrounded by triple colonnades on the east and west side planned similarly to the Generic Greek (Peripteral) Temple Plan. The Great Temple at Petra is a sacred precinct on the southern citadel hill, likely in an effort of the Nabateans to imitate Greek and Roman city centers. The Great Temple at Petra has relief images of mythical animals similar to those used in the Babylonian and Persian empires. While the façade of the Treasury is inspired by and uses Roman and Classical Greek conventions, the architect intentionally deviates by altering the width of the columns and using the conventions as ornamentation only. Reek and Roman influence are reflected in relief sculpture and Roman Corinthian-inspired columns used in the façade of the Treasury at Petra. The Treasury and Great Temple, like the Mortuary temple of Hatshepsut, are carved in situ in the side of a cliff. Petra is a unique city that consists of pink hue rock-cut architecture, and its many caves and façades are sculpted from the soft rock on the sides of cliffs.Ī commercial city, Petra had experienced a large influx of cultural influence through trade routes and influence from Egyptian, Roman, and Ancient Near Eastern cultures. Petra flourished under Roman rule and continued to be the capital of the region. The city of Petra was the capital of the Nabataean Kingdom until 106 C.E., when Arabia was annexed by Emperor Trajan and absorbed into the Roman Empire. ART AND INFLUENCE OF RELIGION ICONS OF FAITH Petra Redux
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